Some exclusion criteria included shift work or any work that required frequent travel across time zones, metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, smoking, and eating disorders, sleeping disorders, or neurological disorders. 8, 19, 20 Briefly, 30- to 45-year-old men and women, with body mass index 22–26 kg/m 2, and who reported sleeping 7–9 h/night with no daytime naps, were recruited for this study. Details of the study and main results have been published. This investigation is a secondary analysis of data from a previous study aimed at assessing the effects of sleep restriction on energy balance in normal sleeping adults. We aimed to answer these questions by comparing nocturnal sleep after a day of a strictly controlled and balanced weight-maintenance diet compared to a day wherein the participant could freely make their own food choices based on preference. The purpose of this study, therefore, was two-fold: first, to assess whether sleep patterns differed after periods of controlled feeding and ad libitum intake and second, whether intake on an ad libitum feeding day was related to sleep patterns at night. It is therefore important to have data based on direct observations of daily dietary intake to determine how this can affect nocturnal sleep. Additionally, most work on the effects of diet on sleep has been based on epidemiological findings relying on self-report of food in-take or on the acute effects of a single meal. Studies have been small, of short duration, and with no clear focus on the nighttime sleep episode. There is thus very little information on the role of diet on sleep patterns. Current findings-that daytime fat and sugar/fiber content affect nocturnal sleep-imply that diet-based recommendations might be used to improve sleep in those with poor sleep quality. Study Impact: Few studies have utilized controlled conditions to determine how food intake affects sleep. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary intake on subsequent sleep propensity, depth, and architecture. 17, 18Ĭurrent Knowledge/Study Rationale: Research has established a convincing link between short/disrupted sleep duration and food intake. 16 Similarly, high-energy meals did not affect TST post-meal compared to low-energy meals. 15 However, a high-glycemic index meal reduced SOL relative to a low-glycemic index meal, with no effect on TST or sleep architecture. Such studies have shown that a high-carbohydrate meal increases sleepiness in women relative to a low-carbohydrate meal 14 but does not affect SOL to a post-meal nap. 13 More studies have assessed the effects of single meals, differing either in size or in macronutrient composition, on post-meal sleepiness or nightly sleep. 12 Two days of a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet also decreased SWS and increased REM sleep in 8 normal-weight men compared to a 2-day diet low in carbohydrates, high in fat, and a balanced diet. reported that 4 weeks of an 800-kcal diet in 9 overweight women increased sleep onset latency (SOL) and decreased time spent in slow wave sleep (SWS). Severe energy restriction is known to disturb sleep. Interestingly, the reverse causation, whether food choice and dietary patterns affect sleep, has received much less attention. 4– 10 It seems, therefore, that altering sleep can affect food choice and macronutrient intake. Clinical studies have shown that sleep restriction leads to increased energy intake, energy intake from snacks, and intake of energy-dense foods. 3 These associations, however, do not equate causality, and studies assessing the effects of sleep restriction on energy balance have been undertaken to elucidate the causation of the relationship. have shown that total sleep time (TST) was negatively associated with fat intake in women. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies alike have demonstrated this relationship in both adults and children. It is now well established that short sleep duration is associated with obesity and risk of future weight gain.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |